Which statement about the MacLeamy Curve contrasts IPD with design-bid-build?

Which statement about the MacLeamy Curve contrasts IPD with design-bid-build?

• A. The curve shows IPD demonstrates less collaboration than traditional methods.
• B. IPD shows earlier influence on cost and effort, reducing late changes.
• C. The curve applies only to design-bid-build.
• D. The curve is not applicable to project delivery methods.

Answer: (B)

The MacLeamy Curve shows that when design and construction teams collaborate early and continuously (as in IPD), decisions that affect cost and effort are made earlier in the design process, reducing the costly changes that would occur during construction. This is why IPD is associated with earlier influence on cost and effort and fewer late changes, which is the essence of the correct statement. The curve contrasts IPD with traditional methods by illustrating that many cost-impacting decisions are pushed into the design phase under IPD, unlike design-bid-build where changes tend to occur later and are more expensive to implement.

The MacLeamy Curve shows that when design and construction teams collaborate early and continuously (as in IPD), decisions that affect cost and effort are made earlier in the design process, reducing the costly changes that would occur during construction. This is why IPD is associated with earlier influence on cost and effort and fewer late changes, which is the essence of the correct statement. The curve contrasts IPD with traditional methods by illustrating that many cost-impacting decisions are pushed into the design phase under IPD, unlike design-bid-build where changes tend to occur later and are more expensive to implement.